3.1 Fundamental Principles of Athlete Selection
3.1.1 Athlete selection mechanism is an important aspect for building successful teams and achieving long-term success in sports. A good athlete selection mechanism should begin with solid fundamental principles which highlight the basis on identifying and selecting athletes who have the potential to perform well in a particular sport or event. To further elaborate the spirit of competitive sports, the Association should make a public statement of commitment to:
- a) Promulgate the core values of equal opportunities and fair competition in athlete selection;
- b) Allow athletes fair and full opportunity to display their worthiness for selection and to fulfill the aims of the Association at the competition;
- c) Ensure transparency in respect of information about the selection and the selection process, and timeliness in the dissemination of the information;
- d) Uphold the principle of impartiality in the selection process, including the formulation of a mechanism for declaring conflict of interest, actual or perceived, and the guidelines for taking appropriate actions following the declaration; and
- e) Adhere to ethical practices and compliance with the fundamental principles in athlete selection.
3.2 Athlete Registration
3.2.1 To facilitate the verification on the eligibility of athletes participating in the Association event or competition, athlete registration and renewal guidelines shall be established and publicized to the public to promote fairness and transparency.
3.2.2 When the Association sets up the registration and renewal guidelines, the following should be taken into consideration:
- a) Eligibility criteria;
- b) Registration requirements and necessary documents;
- c) Renewal conditions and necessary documents;
- d) Registration and renewal workflow (e.g., conduct and document the authenticity checks on applicants’ claimed qualifications);
- e) Registration approving authorities (e.g., for approval of renewal, waiving of fees);
- f) Undertaking by applicants to abide by Association’s Code of Conduct for Athletes;
- g) Registration and renewal period;
- h) Validity duration;
- i) Fees and fee-waiver arrangement;
- j) Time pledge for processing applications;
- k) Suspension and termination of registration status; and
- l) Appeal mechanism.
3.2.3 The Association should require the athlete to declare that all information and documents submitted are genuine and correct. By submitting the documents, the athlete will be deemed to agree on further inspection by the Association when needed. Falsification of documents may lead to the revocation of registration and being prohibited from enrolling in any athlete selection procedure.
BAHKC Elite Athlete Registration
3.3 Selection Criteria
3.3.1 Selection criteria is the first stage of demonstration of objectivity, fair and just competition in sports. The Association should be committed to creating a fair environment for athletes to grow and compete. Selection criteria should be constructed in a way to best assess the ability and potential of the athlete, with clear standards and wording to avoid confusion among the athletes and the Selection Committee. Behind criteria in use, the Association has to articulate the justification for each aspect of the criteria in regard of rationality.
3.3.2 The criteria should cover both quantitative and qualitative elements to fulfill objective and subjective criteria. All criteria should be assigned with a weighting.
3.3.3 The Association may consider its objective criteria based on performance, such as ranking records and the applicable event performance history, etc. Athlete’s final score in the weighting system should be the major determining factor for selection. The appropriateness of the selection criteria should also be assessed and considered in competitions of various nature.
3.3.4 The Association could also assess the suitability of the athletes through supplementary assessment against the subjective criteria for certainty, taking heed of the gravity of the international competition/multi-sports games. The Association may consider expert assessment of the athlete’s winning chance having considered his/her psychological factor, competition results, latest performance and collective views of coaches in respect of the athlete’s potential and ability for further assessment.
3.3.5 In order to facilitate the process of selection, the criteria should be disseminated in a timely manner to allow preparation for the best effort. The selection criteria should also be reviewed regularly to update with reference to the latest international standard.
3.3.6 When the Association sets up the selection criteria, the following should be taken into consideration:
- a) Objective(s) or target(s) for each type of event and competition
The selection of athletes varies based on different objectives and targets for a specific event or competition that the Association would like to achieve. To ensure the most suitable athletes are selected, objectives and targets should be established for a specific event and competition (e.g., nurturing second-tier athletes in championship events corresponding to their levels, or selecting the best athletes for competing in world-class competitions, such as the Olympic Games and Asian Games, etc.);
- b) Quantitative standards for objective selection criteria
To promote objective assessment of athletes’ suitability, quantitative and objective criteria such as minimum world ranking and performance benchmarks, etc. should be established;
- c) Qualification period(s)
If past performance is incorporated in the selection criteria, the Association should set up and publicize the qualification period(s) in advance to facilitate sufficient time for preparation and application from eligible athletes;
- d) Competitions or events recognized for selection
If past performance is incorporated in the selection criteria, the Association should lay down and publicize names of competitions or events that are recognized for the selection in advance to facilitate sufficient time for preparation and application from eligible athletes;
The Association should formulate subjective criteria to assess the athlete’s suitability and competence towards the events or competitions (e.g., expert assessment of the athlete’s winning chance having considered his/her psychological factor, competition results and latest performance, and collective views of coaches in respect of the athlete’s attitude, potential and ability); and
- f) The corresponding weighting of each criterion
The Association should determine weighting of each criterion with consideration on their level of importance.
BAHKC Player Selection Mechanism & Appeal Proceedings
3.4 Selection Methods
3.4.1 Selection method is instrumental for the Association to identify suitable athletes who meet Association’s objectives and targets of the event. Therefore, before progressing the selection process, the Association should determine its selection method and publicize it. The rules for selection method should be reasonable and proportionate to the objectives of the Association.
3.4.2 The Association should determine the selection method which suits its needs most. Typical selection methods include:
The Association should provide justifications for the direct nomination. Athletes who possess outstanding results in previous international competitions may automatically be selected by the Association to participate in the events. The Association should determine and announce list of recognized events and periods as well as their respective results prior to the selection date;
Athletes may be selected based on their ranking within their sport. This can be determined by performance and/or ranking in selected competitions or a point system within a predetermined qualifying period;
When coach assessment is used in selection process, the Association should provide detailed assessment guidelines to the coaches on factors to be considered (e.g., athlete’s performance, experience, potential, etc.) and require the coaches to maintain proper documentation relating to the assessment and decision-making for future review;
Trial events may be held for athlete to compete. The trial events can be open to all athletes or limited to those who have met certain performance criteria. When holding a trial event, the Association should announce detailed information of the trial event in advance, such as enrolment period, event date and location, enrolment eligibility and qualifying performance standard for being selected; and
- e) Combination of methods
If more than one selection methods are used, the Association should determine and publicize the weighting of each result obtained from each selection method.
Selection Announcement
3.5 Selection Procedures
3.5.1 Prior to initiating the process of selection, the Association should publicize key information about the selection exercise to allow sufficient time for preparation by the athlete. The Association should ensure that adequate selection information is publicized for respective competition/event (e.g., timeline, nomination/application channel, eligibility requirements, qualification, etc.).
3.5.2 The Association may have its own discretion to determine the selection procedures and publicized on its website. Same criteria should be applied throughout the process regardless of the method used for the selection.
3.5.3 The selection exercise needs to be objective and should proceed in a timely manner. The Athlete Selection Committee should ensure the upholding of integrity and safeguard impartiality throughout the process of selection. Every stakeholder involved in the selection process should remain professional and unbiased. The Association should timely publicize the following information:
- a) Details of the selection exercise
The methods of selecting the athletes with key information, e.g., date, time, venue of selection, required documents and application channel/methods, etc.;
- b) Number of athletes to be selected
Number of places available including replacements;
- c) Replacement of athletes
The procedures for managing the replacement, including how replacement is selected and how he/she can be added to the team;
Detailed information on dealing with athlete removals, such as the reasons or circumstances of removal and designated person(s) for reviewing the removals, etc.;
- e) Retention period for the selection document
The specified retention period for all documents relating to the athlete selection process;
- f) Announcement date and method
The time pledge for the selection process which should include the date and channel for result announcement; and
- g) Lodging an appeal against the selection result
An appeal mechanism should be in place to deal with any appeal against selection results.
3.5.4 Collecting Feedback
The Association should set up appropriate channels and timeframe to periodically collect feedback from stakeholders. Examples on channels that are commonly used include questionnaires and open forum inviting interactive discussion, etc.
3.5.5 Guidelines and Procedures on Athlete Selection is at
Team Hong Kong, China Player Selection Mechanism.
3.6 Athlete Selection Committee
3.6.1 To facilitate the implementation of Guidelines and Procedures for Athlete Selection, the Association should appoint people with appropriate skills, experience and knowledge to make effective and accurate decisions. The Association should ensure that members appointed to the Athlete Selection Committee could satisfy the requirements and fulfill the obligations. Hence, there must be thorough screening of profile and background to appoint a Committee Member that can perform the role effectively.
3.6.2 Appointment procedures must observe the principle of independence with the utter exclusion of external/internal party’s influence. This should be underlined as Athlete Selection Committee serves as representatives of the public eyes to find the best-fit for the concerning international competitions/multi-sports games. There should be strict culture present within the committee to promote professionalism.
3.6.3 The Association should have documented formal, inclusive, and transparent procedures for the appointment of Athlete Selection Committee members, and all appointments should be based on merit. Appointment process and results should be documented for records, and information should be available to the Association and relevant stakeholders as appropriate.
3.6.4 To further safeguard the integrity of Athlete Selection Committee, members should report to the Association for any potential conflict of interest. The Association should contain independent voices and engage in constructive discussion or debate to enable good decision-making.
3.6.5 The Association should set up the requirements on Athlete Selection Committee and the following should be included:
Terms of Reference should be drawn up to detail the specific scope of work, powers, duties and responsibilities;
- b) Membership composition
A reasonable size of the committee should be determined;
- c) Membership requirements
Members should possess related professional background and expertise. To ensure objectivity without prejudice, there should be at least one coach or umpire representative in the committee to share his/her professional views towards the selection;
- d) Appointment of the Committee Members and Chairperson
The appointment process of Committee Members and Chairperson and their roles and responsibilities should be specified and clearly communicated;
Lay down the frequency of meeting and specify the minimum number of meeting to be conducted throughout the year to ensure there is proper oversight of the athlete selection process, e.g., the Association should require the Committee Members to meet at least once before the commencement of the selection process to ensure the appropriateness of the selection method and selection criteria, to take part in actual selection process, and require another meeting after the selection exercise to review the appropriateness of the selection decision;
Specify the minimum attendance rate required of members at meetings;
Determine the reporting frequency to the Board of Directors on committee’s performance of duties and key matters so as to ensure an effective operation of the committee, e.g., the committee should be required to report to the Board of Directors on the selection process and outcome after each selection exercise;
- h) Documentation of decision-making process of the athlete selection
A detailed record of the decision-making process of the athlete selection should be properly retained to demonstrate the proper conduct of the selection; and
3.6.6 Guidelines and Procedures on Athlete Selection Committee is at
Team Hong Kong, China Player Selection Mechanism.
3.7 Appeal Panel & Procedures
3.7.1 In case if unexpected and unprecedent incidents occurred to an athlete during the selection process, the Association should allow the athlete an opportunity to display his/her competency for fair judgement on his/her skills. Athletes should be provided with an avenue of appeal. Therefore, the Association should formulate an appeal mechanism which includes an Appeal Panel and established procedures to handle the appeal. The Association should set clear eligibility, time limit, appeal channel, fee, method, and criteria that are readily available to the appellant.
3.7.2 Transparency, proportionality, non-discriminatory, and objectivity should be the core principles of the appeal mechanism. The appeal process should be discrete and just. The appeal submission should be accepted with high level of concern to examine whether the athlete has eligible ground(s) and within the reasonable time limit.
3.7.3 The Appeal Panel should consist of both members who involve and involve in the athlete selection process in order to make objective judgement without prejudice.
3.7.4 The appeal mechanism should include:
The Association can determine whether to set up a standing Appeal Panel with designated members or an ad-hoc Appeal Panel and appoint members as appropriate.
The Association should set up the requirements on Appeal Panel and the following should be included:
Terms of Reference should be drawn up to detail the specific scope of work, powers, duties and responsibilities;
- Powers of the Appeal Panel
The powers of the Appeal Panel, such as powers to overrule the original selection decision, and/or to order a re-selection exercise, etc.;
To ensure objectivity without prejudice, more than half of the members including the panel Chairperson should not be involved in the original selection;
A reasonable size of the panel should be determined;
- Requirements on panel members
Qualification, background and expertise required for the panel should be determined and laid down in advance. This is to ensure the panel as a whole has the right knowledge and skill set;
- Appointment of the panel members and Chairperson
The appointment process of panel members and Chairperson and their roles and responsibilities should be specified and clearly communicated;
If the Association determines to set up a standing Athlete Selection Appeal Panel, terms of appointment, including the maximum tenure for panel members should be specified; and
- Formulation of membership database for Appeal Panel
If the Association decide to establish and maintain a database for eligible appeal panel members, method of establishment (e.g., to invite eligible individuals to express their interest in serving the Appeal Panel), frequency of updating the database (e.g., to invite individuals to express their interests periodically) and type of information to be retained in the database should be decided.
To ensure transparency and compliance to good governance, the Association should establish and publicize detailed appeal procedures. The appeal procedures should include:
- Eligible grounds for appeal
Examples of eligible grounds attribute to the lodging of appeal can be provided to reduce ambiguity;
- Time frame for lodging an appeal
Reasonable time limit should be given and a standard period can be considered for all circumstances;
- Method for lodging an appeal
Acceptable channel for lodging an appeal should be specified, e.g., in writing, by post, or email, etc.;
The Association should set up the following, which include, but not limited to:
- Quorum of the Appeal Panel;
- Mode of deliberation, e.g., paper-based judgement or conduct of hearing, in advance with consideration of the timeline and practicality;
- Information/documents to be provided to the panel for deliberation, e.g., case information, other precedents for reference, etc.; and
- If hearing is conducted, the following information should be provided to the panel members and the appellant:
o Notice period of hearing;
o Date/time of hearing;
o Location of hearing;
o Documents to be shared with the appellant prior to the appeal; and
o Hearing procedures (e.g., whether appellants may make own representation or be allowed legal representation, etc.).
- Deliberation method (e.g., by a majority decision or by consensus);
The decision and follow-up actions, if any, made by the Appeal Panel should be reported to the Board of Directors and to state clearly whether the decision is final, whereby no further appeal can be made against the decision;
- The Appeal Panel should document the following information before closing the appeal:
- Decision date;
- Discussion between panel members (e.g., salient points of discussion/views of individual panel members); and
- Reasons to come up with the decision
- The time and method of notifying the appellant and respondent of the outcome;
- Requirement on comprehensive documentation of the decision-making process and the period of retention;
- Make a commitment in its appeal procedures that all information relating to the appeal is to be kept confidential; and
- Fee for lodging an appeal
The Association should determine if a fee is required for lodging an appeal and the payment method. The amount of fee should be reasonable and proportionate to reflect the time and efforts incurred in the appeal process. The fee should not be a barrier to the lodging of appeal.
3.7.5 Guidelines and Procedures on Appeal Mechanism is at
Team Hong Kong, China Player Selection Mechanism.
3.8 Relaxation of Entitlement to Athlete Selection and/or Games
3.8.1 In cases whereby athletes have notable potential, skills, know-how, abilities of attaining standards of high-level games and/or obtained outstanding results, but for some reasons, e.g. different membership status; being members of affiliated clubs which are not entitled to nominate; unable to fulfill certain selection criteria, etc., they will be deprived of the opportunities to be considered for selection exercises and/or participating in games to demonstrate their sporting talents. Member Associations should seriously consider to take possible steps of relaxing entry requirements, selection criteria or setting up a system to cope with such exceptional situations subject to prevalent resources and circumstances. Relaxation includes, but not limited to age division; team qualifications; qualifying periods/events; etc.
3.8.2 Athletes, therefore, with notable potential & abilities and remarkable performance will not be buried and refrained from participating in selection and/or games by some set down rules or requirements. They can excel their capabilities so as representing their sports and Hong Kong to participate in competitions.
~End of Chapter 3~